Thailand
A few kilometers north of Phetchaburi lie the sacred cave and temple of Tham Khao Luang. Let's explore the attractions of this famous cave, classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Discover Tham Khao Luang, a Buddhist temple
The impressive number of temples reflects the significance of Buddhism in Thailand. Some temples are situated within mountain caves, deliberately chosen locations for spiritual meditation. Such is the case with Tham Khao Luang Cave Temple, a globally renowned Buddhist site located less than 5 kilometers from Phetchaburi.
To reach it, pilgrims must ascend a 90-meter hill. The fairly easy climb may not satisfy avid hikers, but the visit's allure lies in its exceptional sculptural works. Standing and sitting Buddhas encircle the altar, with a larger-than-life reclining Buddha commanding admiration. Some iconographies date back to ancient styles. Beyond statues, the cave dazzles with its rich limestone formations. Morning sunlight creates enchanting plays of light, adding to the cave's magical ambiance. These are among the reasons why Tham Khao Luang is a source of pride for Phetchaburi's residents.
Historical background
The cave temple's origins are relatively recent. In 1851, during his first year of reign, King Rama V commissioned its construction to honor his late father, King Mongkut. When asked why this cave was chosen, the answer is clear: King Rama V was deeply impressed by the stalactites and stalagmites of Tham Khao Luang. He often sought refuge here to meditate comfortably when he was a young monk. Additionally, King Mongkut himself had visited this cave and expressed a desire to establish a monastery here. This posthumous wish was promptly fulfilled by King Rama V, the dutiful son.
Concrete stairs were constructed from the base of the hill to the cave entrance. King Rama V ordered the relocation of ancient Buddha icons collected from various regions of the country and commissioned new icons to enhance the temple's artistic ensemble. The people of Phetchaburi generously assisted in these efforts, which took seventeen years to complete.
Today: a UNESCO-protected site
Tham Khao Luang Cave Temple has earned its place as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A bastion of Theravada Buddhism, it symbolizes religious practices passed down through generations. The visit combines hiking and pilgrimage, along with marveling at geological wonders.
Pilgrimage in Tham Khao Luang Cave
Upon entering the cave, you'll be dazzled by spectacular limestone formations. Stalactites of various shapes and sizes hang from the ceiling. Sunlight beams through a natural hole in the vault from 9 a.m. to noon. From February to April, the grand reclining Buddha shines brightly, revered as the main statue in Tham Khao Luang.
As you explore the galleries, observe other Buddhist images. Admire the seated Buddha in meditation, calling upon the Earth as a witness against Mara. Older Buddhas differ from more recent ones executed in the style of Central Thailand, known as the Rattanakosin style. Discover the coats of arms of the first five sovereigns of the Chakri dynasty, sculpted in bas-relief on a recent image.
The temple comprises four chambers. The main chamber, housing the giant reclining Buddha, serves as a public gathering place for pilgrims. The rear door is closed to visitors. Interestingly, the chamber behind it once accommodated a couple, prompting King Rama V to erect a stone wall to preserve their privacy.
The presence of macaques is unavoidable; they are familiar inhabitants of the cave. Beware, these monkeys are crafty thieves! The trick is to throw them food to coax them into posing for photos.
Near the parking area, local guides will approach you, offering their services. While not necessary, a guided tour is beneficial for history enthusiasts seeking detailed insights. Note that tipping is customary for guided tours.
Useful information
Entrance fee
Entry is free. You won't spend a dime to visit Tham Khao Luang Cave Temple if you opt not to hire a guide.
Opening hours
The temple is open to visitors every day.
- Weekdays: 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
- Weekends: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m..
Visiting period
Pilgrims are encouraged to visit during the cooler season, when temperatures are more comfortable. Ideally, visit between February and April to witness the main Buddha image shining brightly in the morning light.
Getting there
Tham Khao Luang Cave is less than 5 kilometers from Phetchaburi, near Phra Nakhon Khiri. It sits atop a moderately steep hill. You can either walk or use wheels to reach it. It takes less than ten minutes to walk there. The easiest method is to take a tuk-tuk from downtown for a modest fee of 200 baht (approximately €5.18).
While ascending is manageable in the cool morning, descending can be strenuous. Tip: Take a tuk-tuk; it will drop you at the mountain's base for just 15 baht (approximately €0.39).
Regulations
Despite being a rocky cave, Tham Khao Luang is also a place of prayer. Wear decent, covered clothing and remove your shoes before entering the sanctuary. Lightweight or excessively short clothing is considered disrespectful.
